The reading talks about how the Russian expansion brought many different people into the empire. Russians were known to be hunter gatherers which is why it was no surprise that they became interested in Siberia for its soft gold and fur. Locals would depends on Russian markets for many different resources that they were able to obtain from other regions. In the eighth century, Russia became the most wealthily region in Europe due to their rich agricultural lands, valuable furs, and mineral deposits.
Another topic that is brought up is the formation and expansion of China. China built an empire that acquired many different people who weren't all part of Asian decent. It was known as the Qing dynasty. Qing rulers tended to reinforce Confucian ideas such as the importance of loyalty to their country and loved ones. Chinas expansion was seen as a threat by Russia which i why they created the Treaty of Nerchinsk which marked the boundaries between the two.
Many in Central America gained influence on their social life from the Turks. Women in Central America went from being open to society to secluding themselves. Orthodox Muslim reformers wanted to restrict women from taking any part in religious activity. It all changed in the Islamic empire. Women had protection over some of their rights which helped them gain independence. Ottoman authorities allowed Christian churches to move in which lessened the amount of conversions. Christians welcomed the Ottoman conquest because they had lower taxes. Many Christian men became a part of the Ottoman elite.
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